Role of Surfactants in Drug Delivery, Pesticides, Antimicrobial Activity and Bioremediation
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https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-7185-025-4
Keywords:
Surfactants, Surface-Active Agents, Amphiphilic Molecules, Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC), Drug Delivery, Personal Care Formulations, Agricultural SurfactantsSynopsis
This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the application of surfactants and advances research work in industrials and society. It begins with a detailed overview of application of surfactants disucc in Chapters 1-12.
Chapter 1 we discuss the general introduction of Surface-Active Agent, CMC, and it can lower interfacial and surface tension at these intersections to allow solids, gases, and liquids to mix or disperse easily, like dispersions in water or other solutions.
Chapter 2 discuss the classification of surfactants in four main groups: cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic, and anionic surfactants. Every variety has unique physicochemical characteristics and uses. This study provides a thorough grasp of the importance of these surfactants in a range of sectors by examining their structural traits, functioning, and varied uses.
In chapter 3 we discuss the different properties, interfacial parameters, and thermodynamic parameters of different surfactant systems.
This chapter 4 we highlight the vital function that surfactants play in the delivery of drugs, emphasizing their special physicochemical characteristics that help with important pharmaceutical issues such as low drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. As amphiphilic molecules, surfactants make it possible to create a variety of delivery systems that encapsulate hydrophobic medications and improve their therapeutic potential.
In this chapter 5 explain the Application of Surfactant in Personal Care Products Formulation, As a responsive ecosystem that interacts with the environment to promote general health, the human skin is essential to the immune system. Because of its capacity to lower surface tension, emulsify oils, wash, and produce foam, surfactants are frequently employed in cosmetic compositions. They are essential components of many different kinds of products, including face cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and lotions. Cosmetics and customised care items that contain surfactants can help protect and nourish the skin.
Chapter 6 study the Host-guest chemistry involving macrocyclic hosts is one of the most promising research areas in chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry. This chapter briefly describes the physicochemical properties, preparation method, and mechanism of host-guest complexes. In addition, we also highlight the characterization methods of synthesized host-guest complexes and their various applications, especially in amphiphilic molecules like surfactants, ionic liquids, and surface active ionic liquids.
Chapter 7 discuss the Amphiphilic compounds known as surfactants reduce surface tension and create micelles in solutions. Micellar systems are essential in many industries, such as food, detergents, cosmetics, medicines, and environmental applications. The categorisation, creation, and uses of micellar systems are examined in this work, with an emphasis on how they contribute to improved chemical reactions, emulsification, and solubilisation. Future directions in surfactant research are also covered, as well as difficulties including toxicity and environmental issues. The surfactant is a crucial component of emulsifying agent, foaming agent, cleaning agent, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and anti-foaming agents and is used in a wide range of goods. Surfactant molecules have a drive to assemble above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) to create micelle-like structures.
Chapter 8 discuss the surfactants are crucial to modern farming practices because they increase the efficacy and sustainability of pesticide treatments. Additionally, biosurfactants have antibacterial properties that make them promising as biopesticides against pests, fungi, and diseases while enhancing plant resistance. Research highlights their contribution to sustainable agriculture, including enhancing trace element bioavailability and maintaining soil moisture levels for optimal crop growth. To improve soil texture, improve nutrient uptake, and reduce environmental toxicity, these substances are increasingly being used in soil amendments, pesticide formulations, and herbicides
This chapter 9 we study the solubilization of hydrophobic active ingredients allows for the creation of more effective formulations, especially for pesticides with low water solubility. Surfactants improve the absorption of active ingredients into plant tissues by disrupting cuticular barriers, thereby enhancing systemic action. Recent advancements in surfactant technology include the development of biodegradable biosurfactants and polymeric surfactants, which aim to mitigate environmental persistence and toxicity issues, thereby providing sustainable alternatives to traditional surfactants. Responsive surfactants, engineered to activate under defined environmental conditions, offer targeted control in agricultural applications. The incorporation of surfactants in pesticide formulations leads to less amount requirement which contributes to decreased environmental contamination and expanded pest control effectiveness
This chapter 10 we explores the mechanisms by which various classes of surfactants, including cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic types, exhibit antimicrobial effects against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium compounds, have demonstrated potent bactericidal activity, primarily by targeting the negatively charged microbial membranes. Nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants, on the other hand, show promising synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics, enhancing their efficacy.
This chapter 11 we explore the solubility and mobility of hydrophobic pollutants, surfactants aid in their removal from the soil. The success of surfactant-based remediation methods, however, depends on several factors, such as the nature of the contaminant, soil characteristics, and the concentration and type of surfactant used. While surfactant-enhanced soil remediation offers a promising and sustainable solution for addressing soil contamination, the ideal conditions for their use vary depending on specific site conditions and the pollutants involved. Additional research is needed to refine and optimize surfactant use in soil remediation. This chapter focuses on various types of soil pollutants worldwide and explores how surfactants can be used to remove them.
In chapter 12 we discuss the application of Surfactant in Bioremediation Various pollutants such as heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) and hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) toxicity has emerged as a major ecological issue that poses a major risk to public health and impacts ecosystems through bioaccumulation. Thus, areas contaminated by these pollutants have been decontaminated and restored using a variety of traditional techniques. However, because to their high energy requirements, post-waste disposal issues, secondary pollutant formation and high operating costs, these traditional methods are not environmentally safe for pollutants treatment.
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Banjare, M. K. . (2025). Role of Surfactants in Drug Delivery, Pesticides, Antimicrobial Activity and Bioremediation. Deep Science Publishing. https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-7185-025-4
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