Journal selection and submission

1. Selecting Journals: Scope, Audience, and Impact Factor.

Selecting the right journal for your research paper is a crucial step in publication. The journal you choose can affect your work's visibility, impact, and credibility. Understanding various factors will help you make an informed decision when submitting your research.

1. Scope of the Journal

• Relevance to Your Topic: The scope of the journal defines the types of research it publishes. You should ensure that your study aligns with the journal’s focus, whether it’s in Ayurvedic medicine, clinical research, pharmacology, or public health. A mismatch between your paper's topic and the journal's scope may lead to rejection.
  • Example: If you are writing about Ayurvedic treatments for diabetes, choose journals that focus on Ayurvedic medicine, herbal medicine, or integrative healthcare.
• Types of Articles Published: Ensure the journal publishes the type of paper you have written—whether it is original research, reviews, case studies, or clinical reports. Journals may specialise in certain types of content, and submitting a paper that doesn’t fit their preferred article type can result in rejection.
• Interdisciplinary Focus: If your research is interdisciplinary, consider journals that welcome contributions from multiple fields (e.g., a journal that combines traditional medicine with modern pharmacology).

1. Audience

• Target Audience: Consider who reads the journal. Does your research target clinicians, Ayurvedic practitioners, researchers, or a general audience? Understanding the journal's readership will help you select a platform that effectively reaches your intended audience.
• Geographical Focus: Some journals may cater to a specific region or country. For instance, if your research has a regional context (e.g., Ayurvedic practices in India), a journal with a national readership might be more appropriate. Conversely, for broader or global reach, select a global journal.
• Professional vs. General Audience: Academic and clinical journals tend to have a professional, niche audience, while magazines or journals aimed at the public might reach a more general readership. Choose a journal based on how technical or general the audience is for your research.

1. 3. Key Considerations When Selecting a Journal

When submitting a research paper, selecting the right journal is critical to ensure your work reaches the intended audience and receives proper academic recognition. Apart from scope, audience, and impact factor, understanding the technical identifiers used by journals is equally important.

ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)

The ISSN is an eight-digit number used to identify journals and other serial publications uniquely.

• Purpose:
  • Distinguishes journals with similar names.
  • Assists libraries, databases, and citation indices in cataloguing and referencing.
• Structure:
  • The ISSN consists of two groups of four digits separated by a hyphen (e.g., ISSN 1234-5678).
  • It applies to both print and electronic versions of journals, often with separate ISSNs for each.
• Why It Matters for Authors:
  • Journals with ISSNs are more likely to be indexed in databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
  • It signals that the journal follows international publishing standards.

DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

The DOI is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to individual research articles, chapters, or other academic outputs.

• Purpose:
  • Ensures permanent access to articles, even if the journal’s website or URL changes.
  • Facilitates linking and citation across online platforms.
• Structure:
  • A DOI typically starts with a prefix assigned to the publisher (e.g., "10.1234") followed by a unique suffix for the article (e.g., "10.1234/abcd5678").
• Why It Matters for Authors:
  • Articles with DOIs are easier to locate and cite.
  • Enhances the credibility and traceability of published research.
  • DOI-linked articles are often prioritised in search engine results, increasing visibility.

Indexing and Metadata Standards

Being aware of other technical identifiers and indexing standards can help authors understand the credibility and reach of a journal.

• ISBN (International Standard Book Number): While more relevant to books, some journals publish monographs or supplements with ISBNs, especially for special issues.
• ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID): A persistent identifier for authors, ensuring proper attribution of work. Many journals now require or encourage authors to link their ORCID IDs during submission.
• CrossRef: An agency that assigns DOIs and supports metadata linking for academic content, enabling citation tracking and easier discovery.

Practical Tips for Authors

1. Verify ISSN and DOI Availability:

• Confirm the journal’s ISSN on its official website or through ISSN's international database.
• Check if the journal assigns DOIs to its articles, as this increases the credibility and accessibility of your work.

Prioritize Indexed Journals:

• Journals indexed in Scopus, PubMed, or Web of Science often have ISSNs and use DOIs, ensuring better visibility and academic impact.

ORCID Registration:

• Create an ORCID ID if you don’t already have one. Include it during submission to enhance discoverability and establish a verified academic profile.

Citation Management Tools:

• Use reference managers like EndNote or Zotero, which integrate well with DOI-linked metadata for accurate citations.

Using DOIs in References

In modern academic writing, including DOIs in your reference list is considered best practice.

Example:

• Traditional Reference:
  • Sharma R, Singh G. Efficacy of Ashwagandha in managing stress. Ayurveda Research Journal. 2023;15(2):123-130.
• Reference with DOI:
  • Sharma R, Singh G. Efficacy of Ashwagandha in managing stress. Ayurveda Research Journal. 2023;15(2):123-130. doi:10.1234/arj2023.0023.

Benefits:

• DOIs make references clickable, enabling direct access to the source.
• Ensure long-term validity of citations, as URLs can change over time.

Summary

Understanding ISSNs, DOIs, and related identifiers is crucial for authors aiming to publish in reputable journals. These tools not only ensure the credibility of journals but also enhance the visibility, accessibility, and academic impact of your work. By incorporating these identifiers effectively, you contribute to the global standards of scholarly communication.

This updated content now provides a clear understanding of the relevance of ISSN, DOI, and related elements in scholarly publishing, seamlessly integrating them into the handbook’s existing sections.

1. Impact Factor (IF)

• What is the Impact Factor? The impact factor (IF) is a measure of a journal's citation frequency and is often used as an indicator of its prestige. A high impact factor generally means that articles published in that journal are frequently cited, which can increase the visibility and impact of your work.
• High vs. Low Impact Factor:
  • High Impact Factor: Journals with a high impact factor often have a broad audience, are highly respected, and receive a lot of citations. However, they tend to have a high rejection rate and may require higher standards of research.
    • Example: The Lancet, JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association).
  • Low Impact Factor: Journals with a lower impact factor may have a smaller, niche audience but can still offer visibility within that community. They may also offer a higher acceptance rate and more focus on emerging fields.
    • Example: Niche Ayurvedic journals or regional publications may have lower impact factors but can be more relevant for specific topics.
• Is the Impact Factor Always Important? A high impact factor is not always necessary, especially if your research is targeting a specialised audience. If you are working on traditional medicine or a specific disease within a region, journals with lower impact factors but greater relevance to your field may be more appropriate.

Key Metrics for Journal Selection

When selecting a journal for submission, understanding its research impact metrics can guide authors in making informed decisions.

1. Impact Factor (IF)

• Definition: The average number of citations received per article published in a journal over a specific period (usually two years).
• Use: Higher impact factors often indicate greater journal influence.
• Example: A journal with an IF of 5.0 suggests that articles are cited, on average, 5 times per year.
• Where to Find: Journal Citation Reports (JCR).

H0 Score

• Definition: A metric that evaluates a journal's quality based on its citation network, focusing on influential citations rather than raw counts.
• Use: Indicates the "true" scholarly impact by considering both the quality and quantity of citations.
• Example: A journal with an H0 score of 10 has a well-balanced citation network, reflecting its credibility in the field.
• Importance: Particularly valuable for emerging fields like Ayurveda, where traditional impact factors may not fully represent a journal’s influence.

Eigenfactor Score

• Definition: Measures the journal’s importance based on the number of citations it receives, adjusted for citation quality.
• Use: Indicates a journal’s overall influence in its field, considering citation sources.
• Where to Find: Journal websites or Eigenfactor.org.

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)

• Definition: Considers both the number of citations and the prestige of the citing journals.
• Use: Helpful for comparing journals in similar disciplines.
• Where to Find: SCImago Journal & Country Rank.

Using Metrics to Optimize Citations

1. Target High-Impact Journals:

• Citing journals with high H0 or Eigenfactor scores increases the likelihood of your work being noticed and cited by reputable sources.

Quality Over Quantity:

• Focus on citing fewer but highly relevant and impactful studies.

Tracking Your Article’s Impact:

• Post-publication, monitor your article’s citations, altmetrics, and DOI-linked statistics to understand its reception and influence.

Open Access vs. Subscription-Based Journals

• Open Access Journals: These journals make their content freely available to everyone, which increases the visibility and accessibility of your work. However, they may require article processing fees (APCs) from authors.
  • Pros: Higher visibility, greater readership, immediate access.
  • Cons: High publishing costs for authors.
  • Example: IRJAY, Nature Communications, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Science, Ayurlog, Ayurline etc.
• Subscription-Based Journals: These journals limit access to subscribers or institutions that pay for the journal, meaning fewer people will have free access to your research.
  • Pros: Often highly reputable with a long history.
  • Cons: Limited audience reach unless the institution has a subscription.
  • Example: Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine (JAHM), IJRAP, JAIM, The Lancet (subscription-based with some open-access articles).

1. Journal Reputation and Credibility

• Peer Review Process: Ensure that the journal has a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the quality and reliability of published research. Peer-reviewed journals are more trusted by the academic and clinical community.
  • Tip: Look for journals that specify they follow double-blind peer review for unbiased evaluation.
• Editorial Board: Check the credentials of the editorial board members. Leading experts and prominent researchers on the editorial board often indicate the journal’s credibility and quality.
• Publishing Frequency: Journals that publish frequently may offer faster publication times but may also be more competitive. Be mindful of the typical time-to-publication for the journal, especially if you are looking for quick dissemination of your findings.

1. Journal's Submission Guidelines

• Specific Submission Requirements: Every journal has its own set of submission guidelines. These may cover aspects like article structure, formatting, reference style, word count, figure resolution, and ethics considerations.
  • Example: Some journals require manuscripts to be submitted with a cover letter, while others may have specific conflict-of-interest statements.
• Pre-Submission Queries: If you’re unsure whether your manuscript fits, some journals allow pre-submission inquiries where you can send an abstract or a brief proposal before submitting the full paper. This step can save time.

1. Journal's Reach and Audience Engagement

• Citation Metrics and Altimetric: Besides the impact factor, look at citation metrics (e.g., h-index, Scopus) and altimetric (online engagement such as social media mentions, and downloads). Journals with strong social media and digital platforms often increase the engagement and impact of published papers.

Research Metrics for Authors and Articles

1. H-Index (Author Metric)

• Definition: Measures the productivity and citation impact of an author’s publications. An h-index of 10 means the author has at least 10 papers cited 10 times each.
• Use: Reflects both the quantity and quality of an author’s work.
• Where to Find: Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science.

i10-Index

• Definition: The number of articles by an author that have been cited at least 10 times.
• Use: Useful for evaluating early-career researchers.
• Where to Find: Google Scholar.

Altmetrics

• Definition: Measures online attention and engagement (e.g., mentions on social media, blogs, news outlets).
• Use: Reflects the broader societal impact of research beyond academic citations.
• Tools: Altmetric.com, PlumX Metrics.

H0 Score (Article Metric)

• Definition: Evaluate an individual article’s impact based on its citation quality, factoring in the influence of the citing sources.
• Use: Helps identify articles with lasting scholarly value.
• Example: An article with an H0 score of 8 is cited by reputable journals, indicating a high impact.

Incorporating Research Metrics in Manuscripts

1. Using Metrics to Strengthen Manuscripts:

• Cite articles from high-impact journals with strong H0 scores to enhance credibility.
• Discuss the relevance of previously cited high H0 or h-index works in the introduction or discussion.

Highlighting Your Work’s Potential Impact:

• In the cover letter or introduction, explain how your study contributes to the field and may enhance metrics like the H0 score of citing journals.

Practical Tips for Authors Regarding Metrics

1. Leverage ORCID and Citation Databases:

• Maintain an ORCID profile to automatically track metrics like h-index and citation counts.

Promote Your Work:

• Share your publications through professional networks and conferences to increase citations and altimetric scores.

Understand Journal Metrics:

• Choose journals with a balance of traditional metrics (Impact Factor) and newer ones (H0 score, SJR).

Key Takeaways

• H0 Score: Reflects the quality and scholarly value of citations, emphasizing credibility.
• Impact Factor and Eigenfactor: Indicate a journal’s overall influence.
• Altmetrics: Measure the societal impact of your work.
• Research metrics help authors understand the visibility, quality, and influence of their work and guide journal selection and promotion strategies.

This updated content ensures the handbook offers comprehensive guidance on integrating and leveraging research metrics, including the H0 score, for both journal selection and manuscript development.

• Audience Feedback: Check if the journal has a strong community of readers, such as an active social media presence or a large subscription base, which can enhance the dissemination and discussion of your work.

1. Acceptance Rate and Rejection Criteria

• Acceptance Rate: Journals with higher acceptance rates may be easier to publish in but could have a less impactful readership. Reputable journals with lower acceptance rates might be more selective but offer greater exposure.
• Review Criteria: Understand the criteria for acceptance, which may include the originality of the research, its methodological rigour, and its relevance to the journal's audience. Journals might reject papers based on poor writing, incomplete data, or irrelevance to the field.

1. Journal Specialisation

• Journals with a specialised focus on certain topics within Ayurveda or integrative medicine are ideal if your research is niche. For example, if your paper is focused on herbal medicine, choose a journal that specialises in this field rather than a general medical journal.

1. Examples of the Journal Selection Process

• Ayurvedic Research: If your study is about the use of Ayurvedic herbs in clinical practice, consider journals such as Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM), AYU, J-ISM or IJAR.
• Clinical Trials: For clinical trials or experimental research, journals like IJRAP, JREIM, JAIMS, Ayushdhara, the Journal of Clinical Trials or the Indian Journal of Medical Research, International Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports, IJACARE might be appropriate.

Summary

Choosing the right journal involves considering various factors, including the journal’s scope, target audience, impact factor, and submission guidelines. Ensure your research aligns with the journal's focus and audience. While high-impact journals may offer greater visibility, specialised journals may provide a more relevant and engaged readership. Ultimately, select a journal that aligns with your research objectives, dissemination goals, and ethical considerations for publication

1. Journal Submission Guidelines: Reading and Following Rules

When submitting your research paper to a journal, following the journal’s specific submission guidelines is essential for a smooth and successful publication process. Each journal has its own set of rules regarding formatting, structure, and required documents. Adhering to these guidelines ensures that your manuscript meets the journal’s expectations, minimising the chances of rejection due to avoidable errors. Here’s how you can effectively navigate and follow the journal’s submission rules:

1. Importance of Following Submission Guidelines

• Ensures Compliance: Submitting a paper that adheres to the journal's submission guidelines demonstrates your professionalism and respect for the editorial process. Non-compliance may lead to immediate rejection or delays in processing your manuscript.
• Expedites Review Process: Journals have a standardised review process. If your paper follows its rules, it is easier for editors and reviewers to evaluate, which can speed up the review and decision-making process.
• Prevents Rejection: Even if your research is of high quality, failure to follow submission guidelines can result in rejection. Journals may reject papers that do not conform to their requirements, especially if the manuscript is difficult to read or doesn’t follow their structural or formatting norms.

1. Key Elements of Journal Submission Guidelines

Each journal has its own set of rules, but some common elements typically include:

1. Manuscript Formatting

• Document Type: Most journals accept documents in Word or LaTeX formats. Some journals may also accept PDFs or other file formats. Always check what is acceptable for submission.
• Font and Font Size: Journals typically specify a particular font style (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial) and size (e.g., 12-point font) for the body text. Ensure you follow these instructions.
• Line Spacing: Generally, journals require double-spacing for the manuscript text. This allows for easier reading and annotations by reviewers.
• Margins: Journals usually specify the required margin size (e.g., 1 inch on all sides). Ensure that your paper adheres to these measurements.
• Title and Section Headings: Formatting of the title, abstract, headings, subheadings, and references should be according to the journal's guidelines. Use the specified styles for different sections (e.g., bold for headings, italics for subheadings).

1. Word Count and Length

• Word Limits: Many journals have specific word limits for different types of articles (e.g., 2,500 words for original research, 1,000 words for case reports). Make sure your manuscript stays within these limits.
• Abstract Word Count: Journals typically set a word count limit for abstracts (e.g., 250-300 words). Ensure that the abstract accurately summarizes your study within the allowed limit.
• References: There may be limits on the number of references you can cite, especially for shorter articles. Follow the journal’s instructions on how many references are acceptable.

1. Title and Abstract Requirements

• Title: The title should be concise yet descriptive, capturing the essence of your study. Some journals have specific guidelines for formatting the title (e.g., whether it should be in capital letters, bold, or italic).
• Abstract Structure: Some journals require structured abstracts with headings like Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Others might accept an unstructured abstract. Ensure you know what is expected for your manuscript type.
• Keywords: Most journals request 3-5 keywords after the abstract to aid in the discoverability of your paper in searches. Make sure the keywords are relevant to your research topic and follow any journal-specific instructions on how to list them.

1. Figures, Tables, and Equations

• Table and Figure Placement: Some journals require you to place tables and figures within the manuscript; others ask for them to be submitted as separate files. Ensure you follow the specified guidelines.
• Legends and Captions: For figures and tables, include clear and concise legends or captions explaining the content. The journal will specify how detailed the captions should be (e.g., a one-sentence summary or detailed explanation).
• Resolution and Size: Figures and tables must meet the required resolution (e.g., 300 dpi for images) and file size (e.g., <10 MB for individual images). Ensure they are of high quality to avoid issues during publication.

1. References and Citations

• Citation Style: Different journals follow specific referencing styles (e.g., APA, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago). Follow the citation style outlined in the journal’s guidelines for in-text citations and reference list formatting.
• Reference List: The journal will specify how references should be listed (e.g., alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically). Make sure to follow these instructions to avoid rejection for formatting errors.
• Correct Citation Format: Pay special attention to how references are written (e.g., author names, title of the paper, journal name, volume/issue number, DOI). Missing or incorrect citation details can result in rejection.

1. Additional Submission Rules

Some journals have unique submission requirements, including:

• Cover Letter: Many journals request a cover letter with your manuscript. The cover letter should briefly introduce your research, explain why it is suitable for the journal, and disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
• Ethical Compliance: Some journals may require statements on ethical approval (e.g., for studies involving human subjects or animals), conflict-of-interest disclosures, or adherence to specific ethical standards (e.g., ICMJE recommendations).
• Supplementary Materials: If your research includes supplementary materials such as datasets, videos, or questionnaires, the journal may ask you to submit them as separate files or upload them to a repository.
• Authorship and Acknowledgements: Ensure that you follow the journal’s rules for authorship. Some journals request details on the contributions of each author (e.g., ICMJE guidelines).

1. Peer Review and Editorial Requirements

• Peer Review Process: Most journals follow a peer review process, where your manuscript is evaluated by external experts in the field. Some journals provide blind reviews, where authors’ and reviewers’ identities are kept anonymous.
• Revision Requirements: Journals will likely ask for revisions based on reviewers' comments. Following the guidelines for responding to reviewers (e.g., writing a point-by-point response letter) is important.
• Proofreading: Some journals will ask for a final proofread after acceptance, where authors must review the typeset version before it is published. This is your final opportunity to ensure no errors have been made during the editorial process.

1. Submission System

• Online Submission: Most journals now use online submission systems (e.g., ScholarOne, Editorial Manager). You will need to create an account on the system, fill out submission details (e.g., article title, abstract), upload the manuscript and supplementary files, and track your manuscript's status.
• Email Submission: Some journals still accept submissions via email. In this case, ensure you email the manuscript and any required documents as attachments and follow the journal’s instructions for email format and subject line.

1. Time and Review Expectations

• Submission Deadlines: Journals often have specific deadlines for certain issues or themed special editions. Be mindful of these deadlines to ensure your paper is considered for the relevant issue.
• Review Timeline: Journals vary in how long they take to review manuscripts. Some provide quick decisions within a few weeks, while others may take months. Review the journal’s typical timeline to help you set expectations.

1. Final Checklist for Submission

• Is the manuscript formatted according to the journal’s guidelines?
• Have you followed the word limit, citation style, and structure?
• Are figures and tables properly formatted and of high quality?
• Have you included a cover letter, ethical approval, and conflict-of-interest statements (if required)?
• Have you proofread the manuscript and checked for grammatical errors?

Summary

Reading and carefully following the submission guidelines of the journal you are submitting to is critical to avoid delays or rejection. Each journal will have specific rules regarding formatting, style, and required documents. Ensure your manuscript adheres to these requirements for a smooth submission process, quicker peer review, and higher chances of publication

1. Open Access vs. Subscription Journals: Pros and Cons

When selecting a journal for your research paper, one of the key decisions you will face is whether to submit to an Open Access (OA) journal or a Subscription-based journal. Both types have their advantages and challenges, and understanding their differences can help you make the best choice for your research and its intended audience. Below is a breakdown of the pros and cons of each type:

1. Open Access Journals (OA)

Open Access journals provide immediate, free access to published research articles for anyone with an internet connection, without any subscription fees. OA publishing is typically supported by article processing charges (APCs) paid by the authors or their institutions, though some OA journals do not charge these fees (often funded through grants, sponsorships, or other sources).

Pros of Open-Access Journals

• Wider Accessibility: OA articles are freely available to anyone, anywhere, which can dramatically increase the visibility and reach of your research. This is especially beneficial for researchers in low-resource areas who may not have access to subscription-based journals.
• Increased Citation and Impact: Studies have shown that OA articles often have higher citation rates compared to subscription-based articles due to their wide accessibility. The increased exposure can help your research reach a larger and more diverse audience, leading to greater impact.
• Compliance with Funding Mandates: Many research funders, including government agencies and foundations, now require research outputs to be published in open access formats. Publishing in OA journals ensures compliance with these mandates, especially for publicly funded research.
• Immediate Access: OA journals provide immediate access to published content without the delay of subscription-based access or paywalls. This is ideal for time-sensitive research and can facilitate faster knowledge dissemination.
• Public Engagement: OA publications are often more accessible to non-experts, including students, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public. This broadens the scope of your research’s influence.

Cons of Open Access Journals

• Article Processing Charges (APCs): Many OA journals require authors to pay APCs, which can be costly, especially for researchers without sufficient funding or institutional support. The cost can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars.
• Quality Concerns: The growing number of OA journals has led to concerns about the potential for predatory journals—journals that charge high APCs but do not follow rigorous peer review processes. It is essential to carefully evaluate the reputation and quality of an OA journal before submitting.
• Limited Resources: Some OA journals may have fewer financial resources than traditional subscription journals, which could affect the quality of editorial services, peer review, or publication speed.
• Perceived Lack of Prestige: Although OA journals are growing in reputation, some researchers may still perceive them as less prestigious compared to high-impact, subscription-based journals. This can be a consideration for academic career advancement.

1. Subscription-Based Journals

Subscription-based journals are traditional journals where readers or institutions pay for access to content, often via individual or institutional subscriptions. Authors typically do not pay publication fees (unless there are options for open access within the journal), and articles are behind paywalls until subscribers access them.

Pros of Subscription-Based Journals

• Established Reputation and Prestige: Subscription-based journals, especially those with high impact factors (e.g., Nature, The Lancet, JAMA), are often considered more prestigious in academic circles. Publishing in these journals can carry significant weight in terms of career advancement, tenure, and recognition within your field.
• No Author Fees: Most subscription-based journals do not require authors to pay publication fees. This can be a significant advantage for researchers without access to grants or institutional funding for APCs.
• High-Quality Peer Review: Subscription-based journals typically have robust editorial and peer review processes, and many have longstanding reputations for publishing high-quality research. This can offer greater assurance of the credibility and rigour of the review process.
• Specialised Audiences: Many subscription-based journals cater to specific academic or professional communities. If your research aligns with a niche topic, publishing in a subscription journal that is highly respected in that field can help you reach a more specialised audience.

Cons of Subscription-Based Journals

• Limited Accessibility: Only subscribers or institutions with access to the journal can read the published articles. This limits the reach of your research, as the general public and researchers in low-income areas may not be able to access your work.
• Delayed Access: Subscription-based journals may have a delayed publication process due to the peer review, editorial, and subscription access models. This may not be ideal if you are looking to quickly disseminate time-sensitive research.
• Lower Citation Rates for Unsubscribed Content: Research has shown that articles published in subscription-based journals that are behind paywalls tend to have lower citation rates compared to open-access articles, due to their limited visibility and access restrictions.
• Embargo Periods: Some subscription-based journals impose embargo periods before articles are available for free or after the subscription ends. This limits access even further.

Comparison: Open Access vs. Subscription Journals

Criteria

Open Access Journals

Subscription-Based Journals

Accessibility

Free access to everyone worldwide

Access is limited to subscribers or institutional users

Costs for Authors

Article Processing Charges (APCs) can be expensive

No costs for authors; costs are covered by subscriptions

Citations/Impact

Higher visibility, the potential for higher citations

Limited visibility due to paywall, but may have high prestige

Peer Review Quality

Varies; can be rigorous but concerns about predatory journals

Generally rigorous and well-established systems

Compliance with Funders

Required for many publicly funded research projects

Less likely to comply with open access mandates

Prestige

Growing but often perceived as less prestigious

Well-established reputation and prestige, especially for top journals

Speed of Publication

Typically, faster due to online-first publishing

Can have slower publication cycles due to the subscription model

Audience

Broad, including the general public, students, and policymakers

More academic and institution-focused audience

Summary: Choosing Between Open Access and Subscription Journals

• Open Access Journals are ideal for maximising the reach and impact of your research, particularly if you want to comply with funding mandates or increase visibility among a wide audience. However, you must weigh the cost of APCs and the potential risks of predatory journals.
• Subscription-based journals offer prestige, high-quality peer review, and are often the preferred choice for researchers in well-established academic fields. However, they limit access to only those with subscriptions, which can reduce the global reach and citations of your work.

Ultimately, your choice depends on your goals for research dissemination, funding availability, and the reputation of the journal within your academic community.

1. Writing Cover Letters: Making a Strong First Impression

A cover letter is an essential part of the manuscript submission process to a journal. It is your opportunity to introduce your research to the journal's editors and reviewers, highlight the significance of your work, and explain why it is suitable for their publication. A well-crafted cover letter can make a strong first impression and increase the likelihood of your paper being considered favourably.

Key Elements of an Effective Cover Letter

1. Introduction:

• Salutation: Address the editor by name if possible (e.g., "Dear Dr. Smith"). If you do not know the editor's name, a general salutation such as "Dear Editor" is acceptable.
• State the Title and Purpose: Begin by stating the full title of your manuscript and mention the purpose of your letter — to submit a manuscript for consideration.
  • Example: "I am submitting our manuscript titled 'Title of Your Paper' for consideration for publication in Journal Name."

Manuscript Summary:

• Briefly summarise the key findings or contributions of your research. This gives the editor a snapshot of your paper and why it is relevant to the journal.
  • Example: "This study investigates the effects of [insert research focus] on [insert context or population], and our results indicate [mention key findings]."
• Highlight the novelty or significance of your work, emphasizing how it contributes to the field and aligns with the journal’s scope and audience.

Justification for Journal Selection:

• Explain why you have chosen this particular journal. Demonstrating an understanding of the journal's focus, audience, and recent content shows that your manuscript is a good fit.
  • Example: "We believe our findings are particularly relevant to Journal Name’s audience, as it focuses on [mention the journal's area of interest] and our research provides new insights into [explain the relevance of your work to their readership]."

Declaration of Originality:

• Ensure that you confirm that the manuscript is original and has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
  • Example: "This manuscript has not been submitted for publication elsewhere, nor has it been previously published."

Compliance with Ethical Guidelines:

• If relevant, mention compliance with ethical guidelines (e.g., ethical approval for studies involving human or animal participants).
  • Example: "The study was conducted following ethical standards, and informed consent was obtained from all participants."

Conflict of Interest Statement:

• Clearly state if there are any conflicts of interest related to the research.
  • Example: "The authors declare no conflicts of interest."

Closing Statement:

• Thank the editor for their consideration and express your enthusiasm for the possibility of publication.
  • Example: "Thank you for considering our manuscript for publication. We look forward to your feedback and the possibility of contributing to Journal Name."

Contact Information:

• Provide your contact details, including your full name, affiliation, and email address.
  • Example: "Correspondence regarding this manuscript should be directed to [Author Name] at [email address]."

Cover Letter Example

Dear Dr. [Editor’s Last Name],

I am submitting our manuscript, "Effects of Natural Ayurvedic Interventions on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes," for consideration for publication in the Journal of Ayurvedic Research. This study investigates the impact of specific Ayurvedic formulations on blood sugar regulation in Type 2 diabetes patients, and our results suggest that these interventions significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels.

We believe this manuscript aligns with the journal’s scope, particularly in the areas of traditional medicine and integrative health, and presents valuable evidence to further explore the therapeutic potential of Ayurvedic treatments in managing chronic diseases. Given the journal’s focus on evidence-based research and the growing interest in complementary therapies, we feel that our findings would be of great interest to the journal’s readership.

This manuscript has not been submitted for publication elsewhere, nor has it been previously published. All authors have read and approved the manuscript and its content. The study adhered to ethical guidelines, and informed consent was obtained from all participants involved. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Thank you for considering our manuscript for publication. We look forward to your feedback and the opportunity to contribute to Journal of Ayurvedic Research. Please feel free to contact me at [email address] should you require any further information.

Sincerely,
[Your Full Name]
[Your Affiliation]
[Your Contact Information]

     

Tips for Writing a Strong Cover Letter

1. Be Concise: Editors typically review many manuscripts, so keep your cover letter brief and to the point. Aim for one page or roughly 3-4 short paragraphs.
2. Be Professional: Maintain a formal, respectful tone throughout the letter. Avoid unnecessary jargon and focus on clarity.
3. Personalize It: Tailor the letter for each journal. Avoid using generic language. Reference the journal’s recent articles or special issues to show familiarity.
4. Double-Check for Accuracy: Proofread the letter for spelling, grammar, and formatting errors. A well-written cover letter shows attention to detail.
5. No Excessive Flattery: While it’s good to acknowledge the relevance of the journal, avoid overdoing praise or sounding insincere.

Why a Good Cover Letter Matters

• First Impressions Count: A cover letter is often the first point of contact with the editor. A well-written cover letter sets the tone for the manuscript submission and can impact how the editor views the manuscript.
• Shows Professionalism: A well-crafted cover letter demonstrates your professionalism and readiness for publication, which can positively influence the review process.
• Highlights Key Points: The cover letter allows you to highlight the strengths of your research and why it’s worth publishing, making it easier for the editor to decide whether to send it for peer review.

In summary, writing a thoughtful and well-structured cover letter is an essential part of the manuscript submission process. It helps create a positive first impression, clarifies the manuscript’s relevance to the journal, and provides key information upfront, all of which can increase your chances of success in the publication process.

1. Handling Rejections and Revisions: Strategies to Improve

Rejection and revision are common parts of the research publication process. Learning how to handle both can significantly improve your chances of successful publication in the future. Whether your paper is rejected outright or requires major revisions, approaching the situation with a strategic mindset can turn challenges into opportunities for growth.

1. Understanding Rejections: It’s Not the End

Rejections are part of the academic journey and should be viewed as a natural step rather than a failure. Rejection can happen for a variety of reasons, including:

• Scope Misalignment: The manuscript might not fit the journal's focus or current editorial needs.
• Quality of Research: The findings may not be novel, compelling, or robust enough for publication in that particular journal.
• Relevance to Audience: The research might not align with the journal's target audience or current research trends.
• Statistical or Methodological Issues: Weaknesses in research design, data analysis, or methodology can lead to rejection.
• Overwhelming Submission Volume: Sometimes, high-quality papers simply don’t make the cut because the journal has limited space or capacity for new articles.

1. Dealing with Rejection: Constructive Steps

Here’s how you can constructively handle rejection:

1. Don’t Take It Personally

• Rejection is part of the publishing process and is not a reflection of you as a researcher or the quality of your ideas. Even the best researchers face rejection at some point.

1. Review the Feedback

• If the rejection comes with reviewer comments, carefully read and reflect on them. Reviewers often provide valuable insights on how to improve your manuscript.
• Take note of recurring themes in the feedback, such as methodological issues, unclear writing, or lack of novelty.

1. Make Improvements

• Use the feedback constructively to make your manuscript stronger. This might involve clarifying your hypothesis, strengthening your argument, improving data analysis, or improving your writing style.
• Address all reviewer comments, even if you disagree with some of them. If you feel a comment is unjustified, you can politely explain your rationale in future revisions or responses.

1. Select Another Journal

• If the manuscript is rejected, don’t be discouraged. Instead, revise the manuscript as necessary and consider submitting it to another journal. Ensure that the journal is a good fit by reviewing its scope and guidelines.

1. Understanding Revisions: Opportunity to Improve

Revisions are an opportunity to refine your work based on feedback. Editors and reviewers might request minor or major revisions, depending on the quality of the paper.

1. Read the Reviewer's Comments Carefully

• Ensure that you understand the reviewer’s concerns and suggestions before making revisions. If any comment is unclear, seek clarification from the editor if necessary.
• Categorize comments into major (e.g., issues with study design or data interpretation) and minor (e.g., writing, referencing, formatting). This will help you prioritize your efforts.

1. Be Open to Criticism

• Don’t get defensive about the feedback. Embrace criticism as a way to improve the work. Acknowledge areas where you can improve and consider the suggestions seriously.

1. Make a Detailed Revision Plan

• Prepare a point-by-point response to the reviewers' comments. This document should explain what changes were made, how the concerns were addressed, or why no changes were made (if you respectfully disagree with a suggestion).
• Be specific and detail the exact revisions made in the manuscript (e.g., "We re-analysed the data using X statistical test as suggested").

1. Improve Clarity and Structure

• Use the revision process to improve the overall clarity and structure of your paper. Ensure that the writing flows logically and that the message is clearly communicated.
• Revise the introduction to better highlight the significance of your research. Strengthen the discussion to better compare your findings with previous studies.

1. Tips for Successful Revision and Resubmission
2. Address Every Reviewer Comment

• Make sure to address all of the reviewer comments, even if you disagree with them. For each comment, explain what was changed in the manuscript, or provide a clear justification if no change was made.

1. Revise in Phases

• Revise the manuscript in multiple stages. Start with major structural changes and then address smaller details such as grammar, references, and formatting.

1. Proofread and Edit Thoroughly

• After revising the content, ensure that the manuscript is free of errors. Consider getting feedback from colleagues or mentors before resubmitting the revised manuscript.

1. Communicate Professionally in Your Response

• Be polite and professional in your response to the reviewers. Avoid being confrontational. If you disagree with a reviewer’s comment, provide a well-reasoned, evidence-based response.

1. The Process After Resubmission

Once you’ve submitted the revised manuscript:

1. Patience Is Key

• It might take some time for the journal to review your revisions. Be patient during this period, but feel free to follow up if you haven't heard back within a reasonable time frame.

1. Further Revisions or Acceptance

• If the paper is accepted, congratulations! If the reviewers request further revisions, repeat the process as needed, continuing to improve the manuscript.

1. Celebrate Success

• Regardless of the outcome, finishing the revision process and resubmitting your work demonstrates persistence, a key trait for successful researchers.

1. Key Strategies to Improve Your Paper Post-Rejection
2. Strengthen Your Hypothesis and Research Question

• Make sure your research question is clear, focused, and novel. If the reviewers feel that the research question is not compelling or clearly articulated, revise it to make it more impactful.

1. Improve Your Methodology

• If the methodology was criticized, revisit the research design, data collection, and analysis techniques. Consider whether the sample size, controls, or statistical methods could be strengthened.

1. Clarify Your Results

• If reviewers found the results unclear, present the data in more accessible ways (e.g., clearer tables or more comprehensive graphs). Make sure the interpretation of results aligns with the data.

1. Enhance the Discussion

• Compare your findings with existing literature in a more nuanced way. Discuss the limitations of your study and suggest avenues for future research.

1. Conclusion: Embracing Feedback for Growth

Rejection and revisions can be tough, but they are integral parts of the academic publishing process. The key is to remain resilient, take constructive criticism on board, and use the feedback to strengthen your work. Each revision makes you a better writer and researcher, increasing the chances of your manuscript being accepted in the future. Whether the feedback is positive or negative, it provides valuable learning experiences that contribute to your development as a researcher.

1. Major and Well-Known Publishers of Journals

These publishers are renowned for their contributions to academic research, offering a wide range of journals across disciplines. They adhere to rigorous peer-review standards and are recognized globally for their credibility and impact.

1. Major International Publishers

1.1 Elsevier

• Specialty: Scientific, technical, and medical journals.
• Key Journals:
  • The Lancet
  • ScienceDirect Journals
  • Journal of Ethnopharmacology
• Website: www.elsevier.com

1.2 Springer Nature

• Specialty: Multidisciplinary journals, particularly in natural sciences and medicine.
• Key Journals:
  • Nature
  • BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
  • Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (via Springer)
• Website: www.springernature.com

1.3 Wiley-Blackwell

• Specialty: Academic journals across sciences, humanities, and health.
• Key Journals:
  • International Journal of Clinical Practice
  • Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
  • Phytotherapy Research
• Website: www.wiley.com

1.4 Taylor & Francis (Routledge)

• Specialty: Social sciences, humanities, and life sciences.
• Key Journals:
  • Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
  • Ethnobotany Research and Applications
• Website: www.taylorandfrancis.com

1.5 Oxford University Press (OUP)

• Specialty: Medicine, humanities, and social sciences.
• Key Journals:
  • The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
  • Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (eCAM)
• Website: www.oup.com

1.6 Cambridge University Press (CUP)

• Specialty: Humanities, sciences, and medicine.
• Key Journals:
  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics
• Website: www.cambridge.org

1.7 SAGE Publications

• Specialty: Social sciences, health, and humanities.
• Key Journals:
  • Complementary Therapies in Medicine
  • Global Advances in Health and Medicine
• Website: www.sagepub.com

1. Major Open Access Publishers

2.1 Public Library of Science (PLOS)

• Specialty: High-quality open-access journals.
• Key Journals:
  • PLOS ONE
  • PLOS Medicine
• Website: www.plos.org

2.2 BioMed Central (BMC)

• Specialty: Open access in medicine and health sciences.
• Key Journals:
  • BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
  • BMC Public Health
• Website: www.biomedcentral.com

2.3 MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

• Specialty: Open-access journals across disciplines.
• Key Journals:
  • Medicines
  • Nutrients
  • Plants
• Website: www.mdpi.com

2.4 Hindawi

• Specialty: Open-access journals focusing on medicine and engineering.
• Key Journals:
  • Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (eCAM)
  • Advances in Pharmacological Sciences
• Website: www.hindawi.com

1. Publishers with Ayurveda-Specific Focus

3.1 Medknow Publications

• Key Journals:
  • Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (JRAS)
• Website: https://www.wolterskluwer.com

3.2 Chaukhamba Publications

• Specialty: Ayurveda and traditional medicine texts.
• Website: https://www.chaukhambhabooks.com/

1. Major Indexing and Abstracting Databases

While not publishers, these platforms host and index journals from the above publishers:

1. PubMed/Medline: For biomedical and life sciences.
2. Scopus: Broad coverage of peer-reviewed literature.
3. Web of Science: Citation indexing and multidisciplinary content.
4. DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals): Open-access journals in all fields.

Tips for Authors Regarding Publishers

1. Verify Journal Legitimacy: Check if the journal is listed in DOAJ, PubMed, or Scopus to avoid predatory journals.
2. Assess Impact: Choose journals published by reputable organizations for better visibility and recognition.
3. Focus on Relevance: Ensure the publisher has experience in your research domain (e.g., Ayurveda, complementary medicine).

This comprehensive list will guide authors in identifying reputable platforms for publishing their work, ensuring quality dissemination and academic impact.

Categorised list of journals that accept Ayurvedic research, segregated by indexing systems such as UGC CARE, PubMed, Scopus, and well-known publishers.

UGC CARE-Listed Journals

1. Annals of Ayurvedic Medicine

• Frequency: Quarterly
• Publisher: Association of Ayurvedic Physicians of India
• Website: https://www.aamjournal.in/

AYU – An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda

• Frequency: Quarterly
• Publisher: Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar
• Website: https://journals.lww.com/aayu/pages/default.aspx

Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (JRAS)

• Frequency: Bi-Monthly
• Publisher: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS)
• Website: https://journals.lww.com/jras/pages/default.aspx

International Journal of Ayurveda Research (IJAR)

• Frequency: Quarterly
• Publisher: All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA)
• Website: https://journals.lww.com/ijar/pages/default.aspx

Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports

• Frequency: Quarterly
• Publisher: All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA)
• Website: https://journals.lww.com/jacr/pages/default.aspx

PubMed-Indexed Journals

1. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (J-AIM)

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Focus: Integrative approaches between Ayurveda and modern medicine.
• Website: https://www.jaim.in/

Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK)

• Publisher: National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research
• Focus: Articles on traditional healthcare systems, including Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani.
• Website: https://or.niscpr.res.in/index.php/IJTK

Ancient Science of Life

• Publisher: AVP Research Foundation
• Focus: Interdisciplinary research in Ayurveda and allied disciplines.
• Website: https://journals.lww.com/asol/pages/default.aspx

Scopus-Indexed Journals

1. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (J-AIM)

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Indexing: Scopus, PubMed
• Focus: Trans-disciplinary research.
• Website: https://www.jaim.in/

International Journal of Yoga Therapy

• Publisher: International Association of Yoga Therapists (IJYT)
• Focus: Yoga and integrative health, often overlapping with Ayurvedic principles.
• Website: https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijyt

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Focus: Traditional medicine, including Ayurvedic herbal studies.
• Website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-ethnopharmacology

Other Well-Known Publishers

1. AYU – Journal of Research in Ayurveda (Taylor & Francis)

• Focus: Ayurveda and its global applications.
• Open Access: Yes
• Website: https://journals.lww.com/aayu/pages/default.aspx

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP)

• Publisher: Moksha Publishing House
• Focus: Research in Ayurveda and pharmaceutical sciences.
• Website:https://www.ijrap.net/index.php

Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine (JREIM)

• Publisher: Banaras Hindu University
• Focus: Research and educational articles in Ayurveda.
• Website:https://www.jreim-ayushjournal.com/

How to Select the Right Journal Identify Indexing: Prefer journals indexed in PubMed or Scopus for wider academic recognition. Scope Alignment: Ensure the journal’s focus matches your research topic (e.g., clinical studies, herbal formulations, integrative medicine). Impact Factor and Accessibility: Look for journals with good impact factors and open-access options for broader dissemination.

By aligning your research goals with the journal's focus and indexing, you can maximize the impact of your publication​.

Identifying predatory journals is crucial for maintaining the quality and integrity of academic publishing. Predatory journals exploit authors by charging publication fees without providing legitimate editorial and peer review services. Here are strategies to identify them:

Key Characteristics of Predatory Journals

1. Unrealistic Claims of Peer Review:

• Promises of rapid publication (e.g., "Get your paper published in 3 days").
• Lack of a transparent or rigorous peer-review process.

Unclear Editorial Policies:

• No detailed peer-review process outlined.
• Editorial board members are unqualified, nonexistent, or misrepresented.
• Editorial board members' affiliations cannot be verified.

Excessive Fees Without Justification:

• High article processing charges (APCs) disclosed only after submission.
• Fees unrelated to the quality of service.

Dubious Metrics:

• Claims of fake impact factors (e.g., using terms like "Global Impact Factor").
• Lack of indexing in recognized databases like Scopus, PubMed, or Web of Science.

Spam-like Solicitation:

• Aggressive emails inviting submissions, often unrelated to the author's field of expertise.
• Offers to publish articles quickly or guarantees acceptance.

Website Quality and Content:

• Poorly designed websites with grammatical errors.
• URLs that do not match the journal's name (e.g., a journal titled "Advanced Medicine" but hosted on a generic or unrelated website).
• Overly broad or vague scope covering unrelated disciplines.

ISSN and Publisher Verification:

• Invalid or unregistered ISSN.
• Publisher's location is ambiguous or unverifiable.

Steps to Evaluate a Journal

1. Check for Inclusion in Reputable Indexes:

• Verify if the journal is indexed in legitimate databases like:
  • Scopus
  • PubMed
  • Web of Science
  • Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

Examine the Publisher:

• Look for the publisher in the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) or other recognized bodies.
• Avoid journals from publishers listed on Beall's List (an archived list of predatory publishers).

Cross-Check the Editorial Board:

• Verify the qualifications and affiliations of editorial board members.
• Contact board members if their association with the journal seems suspicious.

Review Journal Metrics:

• Confirm the journal’s impact factor on Journal Citation Reports (JCR).
• Avoid journals that advertise metrics from unverified or bogus sources.

Analyse Publication Practices:

• Review previously published articles for quality and relevance.
• Check for plagiarism or retracted articles.

Look for Transparency:

• Legitimate journals have clear policies on fees, copyright, and ethical practices.
• The scope and aims of the journal are well-defined.

Seek Community Feedback:

• Consult colleagues, mentors, or experts in the field for opinions about the journal.
• Participate in academic forums to check for red flags. 

Red Flags Checklist

Red Flag

Details

Rapid peer review

Unrealistically short time to publication.

Spam invitations

Generic or frequent emails soliciting papers.

Unverified metrics

Claims of impact factors from fake organisations.

Unclear indexing

Not listed in trusted databases (e.g., Scopus).

Poor website quality

Amateurish design, grammar errors, or broken links.

Hidden fees

APCs are not disclosed transparently.

Best Practices to Avoid Predatory Journals

1. Use Journal Finder Tools:

• Tools like Think. Check. Submit. and JANE (Journal/Author Name Estimator) can help verify journals.

Check Reputable Databases:

• Use indexing services like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Consult a Mentor:

• Seek advice from experienced researchers or mentors before submitting.

Read Author Guidelines:

• Legitimate journals provide detailed and clear instructions for authors.