Sustainable Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Citrus limon Ethanolic Peel Extract and Their Physicochemical Characterization

##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName## https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-7185-591-4

Authors

Som Vaishnav
Department of Chemistry, Kalinga University, Kotni, Near Mantralaya, Atal Nagar (C.G.), India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6521-7004
Sanyogita Shahi
Department of Chemistry, Kalinga University, Kotni, Near Mantralaya, Atal Nagar (C.G.), India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-1600

Keywords:

Green synthesis, Copper nanoparticles, Citrus limon, Nanotechnology, Phytochemicals, Characterization, SEM

Synopsis

The synthesis and characterization of Copper Nanoparticles (Cu NPs) using Citrus limon (lemon peel) extract, a natural reducing and stabilizing (capping) agent was investigated in this investigation. Nanotechnology is being increasingly used in various fields because of its unique physicochemical properties and functions, which in turn have led to the interest in Cu NPs. The chemical synthesis methods suffer from three major drawbacks and an eco-friendly green synthesis method of Cu NPs is highly needed. In this work, a natural reducing and stabilizing agent – lemon peel (LEP) extract rich in flavonoids was used to demonstrate a green synthesis pathway. The lemon peels were freshly collected, washed and dried in dark, ground to powder and subjected to Soxhlet extraction using hydroethanolic solvent. After concentration of the extract by rotary evaporator, Cu NPs were synthesized by reacting with copper salt. The reduction of Cu2+ ions to Cu NPs was confirmed by a colour change from blue to green or brownish green, visible formation of nanoparticles. To characterize the synthesized Cu NPs, multiple physicochemical analysis techniques such as UV-Vis, XRD, SEM and EDS were used. UV-Vis Spectral analysis revealed characteristic peak(s) indicate the nanoparticle formation and stability. The Cu NPs were seen to be crystalline by the confirmation of XRD analysis which further revealed the presence of phases corresponding to elemental copper. The morphology of the prepared copper nanoparticles from SEM micrograph showed quasi-spherical or granular with agglomeration which revealed the presence of rough surface to have high surface area thus can have various applications. The results of the EDS agreed with the presence of Copper as a major element and trace elements from phytochemical or environmental sources and the results from elemental mapping clearly showed the uniform distribution of Copper throughout the nanoparticle matrix. From the above it is clear that the CLPE is a promising one to green synthesize and stabilize the Cuo nanoparticles. The phytochemicals in the extract probably contribute greatly in reduction, stabilization and prevention of nanoparticle aggregation. Therefore, the synthesized Cu NPs can find application in catalysis, wastewater, antimicrobial, environment remediation, electronics and biomedicine.

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Vaishnav, S. ., & Shahi, S. . (2026). Sustainable Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Citrus limon Ethanolic Peel Extract and Their Physicochemical Characterization. Deep Science Publishing. https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-7185-591-4
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